McTeague Frank Norris Expression of Social Darwinism free essay sample

The theory of Social Darwinism avows that biologically superior humans endure, while genetically inferior individuals die out. Author Frank Norris, a proponent of Social Darwinism, asserted that one should remain within his inborn social class. In his view, if one acts contrary to his inherited societal state, then Social Darwinism will level him back to his innate societal class. Frank Norris expressed this theory in his novel McTeague. Through his conceptualization of Social Darwinism, Frank Norris illustrated the downfall of Trina and McTeague, and Maria and Zerkow, and the prosperity of Old Grannis and Miss Baker. Despite their white European ancestry, McTeague and Trina changed their financial status too abruptly, which ultimately led to their demise. For example, when Trina wins the lottery, the McTeagues quickly climb the social ladder. Accordingly, an abrupt financial deviation ensues with McTeague and Trina. Trina’s penny-pinching tendencies worsen, while McTeague spirals into an unemployed drunk. We will write a custom essay sample on McTeague: Frank Norris Expression of Social Darwinism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eventually, when Trina continues to deny him money, McTeague brutally murders her. After escaping the authorities, McTeague digresses back to the life of a miner, his natural occupation. In spite of their white heritage, the McTeagues’ hasty transformation of social status serves as a prime example of Norris’ view of Social Darwinism. Unlike the McTeagues, Zerkow and Maria represent the marital union of the lowest ancestral classes of society, which confirms their destiny to fail. Zerkow, a Jew, marries Maria based on a financial fallacy. As Maria’s memory of the gold dishes depletes, Zerkow’s lust for the gold dishes intensifies. Maria’s continual denial of her fictitious family affluence infuriates the Jew, and he eventually cut her throat. The downfall of the marital union results from Maria and Zerkow’s biological inferiority. According to Norris, Zerkow’s and Maria’s marriage, biologically speaking, is naturally bound for catastrophe. Contrary to the previous examples, the union of Old Grannis and Miss Baker exemplifies the proper integration of wealth and lineage. While the other characters in the novel attempt to fill prevailing voids in their lives through monetary means, Old Grannis and Miss Baker fill their void with authentic love. The fulfillment of this void comes when Miss Baker brings Old Grannis a cup of tea. Norris portrays the prosperity of Old Grannis’ and Miss Baker’s union, as a result of their biological superiority. The elderly white European couple possesses a genetic disposition for opulence and material comfort. Incorporating elements of Social Darwinism, Frank Norris demonstrated the breakdown of hereditarily inferior couples and the success of intrinsically superior couples. McTeague and Trina brusquely rose in social class, so the couple parted in death. Among the bottom barrel of society, the marriage of Zerkow and Maria, likewise, resulted in dissolution. Finally, Old Grannis and Miss Baker endured successfully due to their Anglo-Saxon heritage. Despite Norris’ views expressed in the novel, survival of the fittest theories should not be applied to human civilization.

The role of case management and risk assessment in probation and parole By Christopher Ratliff essay

The role of case management and risk assessment in probation and parole By Christopher Ratliff essay The role of case management and risk assessment in probation and parole By Christopher Ratliff essay The role of case management and risk assessment in probation and parole By Christopher Ratliff essayToday due to the implementation of integration of risk assessment practices with effective intervention strategies as the foundation of case management system, it is possible to develop effective training patterns to work with offenders. The major correctional practices require the use of case management framework as the effective â€Å"use of authority, anti-criminal modeling, and reinforcement, problem solving, the use of community resources, and quality of interpersonal relationships between staff and client† (Rudes et al, 2013, p. 41). Undoubtedly, these factors should be included in training of correctional officers. The statistical data of the American Criminal Justice System says that â€Å"over four million American adults and over 500,000 juveniles are under probation supervision, while over 840,000 adults are under parole supervision (Rudes et al., 2013). Probation an d parole are two significant procedures that require effective case management practices. Parole stands for the conditional release of an offender. Parole â€Å"differs from probation in that offenders on parole have served prison terms and have been released under supervision† (Rudes et al., 2013, p.13). Today’s case management models developed within the criminal justice system are based on the social service models of the late 1960s and early 1970s, which link offenders to their community settings with effective â€Å"drug treatment programs, mental health services, and social service agencies prior to their release† (Healey, 2009, p. 2). The major goal of this paper is to discuss case management and risk assessment and their role in probation and parole. Special attention should be paid to the discussion of evidence based practices in the field of corrections.The role of case management in probation and paroleCase management systems are used to enhance the w ork of employee in the field of probation and parole. There are many case management systems that are designed to â€Å"focus the supervision effort of probation officers on client problems, which are identified using the standardized assessment of probationer risks and needs† (Clear et al., 2012, p. 204). One of the models of case management systems has five basic components, which include â€Å"statistical risk assessment, systematic needs assessment, contact supervision standards, case planning and workload accounting† (Clear et al., 2012, p. 205). Each of these components helps to increase the effectiveness of probation supervision practices.As jurisdictions across the United States have developed and adopted effective case management techniques aimed at combating recidivism, violence, abuse, homelessness, and joblessness, the significance of case management system has been increased (Healey, 2009).   In fact, â€Å"case management is being used for arrestees, p robationers, and parolees who need services such as batterer intervention, drug treatment, mental health treatment, or to provide help for mentally retarded offenders† (Healey, 2009, p. 2). It has been found that the case management of offenders should be supervised by well-trained probation/ parole officers (Healey, 2009).Generally speaking, case management models in probation and parole services are designed to link the criminal justice system to treatment interventions.   Many offenders have to return to prison because they violate the established probation and parole requirements. As a matter of fact, the monitoring components of case management services are designed to perform the required supervisory functions of probation and parole.The role of risk assessment in probation and parole  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The role of risk assessment is crucial to effective probation and parole practices. The term â€Å"risk† is used to define certain condi tions of uncertainty regarding the occurrence of some damage, loss, destruction, or harm (Kemshall, 2007). According to researchers, â€Å"risk is now becoming the core business of the probation service†(Kemshall, 2007, p. 245). Actually, the identification and assessment of risk in probation and parole services have become the key issue of many criminal justice agencies. The need for effective risk assessment has led to the use of specific technologies. Although risk is considered to be a negative phenomenon in the criminal justice system, it requires the proper management practices (Kemshall, 2007). Probation and parole risk assessment helps to avoid many difficulties through â€Å"monitoring and assessment of risky behavior over time and combining the use of traditional indicators with knowledge and observation of behavioral traits, personality characteristics and situational factors† (Kemshall, 2007, p. 238). Risk should be properly managed. Various risk assessment tools can be viewed as powerful forces that have a strong impact on probation and parole, suitable for accomplishing the mission of the institution and improving its effectiveness (Kemshall, 2007; Raynor et al., 2000).Evidence based practices in the field of correctionsToday correctional officers use the systems of case management and risk assessment. Evidence-based practices which involve case management and risk assessment tools are very effective in the criminal justice system as they provide much important information on the issue. According to recent research, risk of recidivism in the field of corrections can be predicted (Raynor et al., 2000). The assessment of risk and needs of the offender requires measuring some changes in various factors over a certain period of time (Raynor et al., 2000).   For example, the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) assessment tool developed in Canada helps to obtain the required record of factors that should be reviewed prior to case classification. This risk assessment tool assists in the allocation of the proper resources both within and among criminal justice system offices (Raynor et al., 2000). The Assessment, Case Management and Evaluation (ACE) tool developed in the UK enables probation/parole officers to â€Å"assess the criminogenic needs of offenders in a comprehensive and consistent way† (Raynor et al., 2000). This risk assessment tool helps to effectively plan supervision, achieve the appropriate needs, and to apply repeated risk assessments in order to identify the progress in services and measure the effectiveness of supervision in addressing the required needs (Raynor et al., 2000). Risk assessment tools are reliable for the use within probation and parole.Besides, recent evidence based practices in the field of corrections demonstrate effectiveness of case management services for juvenile offenders who need specific treatment â€Å"based on the established patterns of need and risk ascer tained by valid risk prediction tools† (Onifadea et al., 2008). These evidence based practices help to determine the role of the profiles of offenders. It has been found that risk profile may be used as an effective risk assessment tool of categorizing offenders and defining their needs (Onifadea et al., 2008).A growing body of research is focused on discussion of the strengths of case management models appropriate for probation and parole (Prendergast Cartier, 2008).   Researchers define several effective case management models, including Transitional Case Management Model. This model helps to provide successful transition of offenders from prison treatment to community treatment. There are three major stages in this model, based on the recent research (Prendergast Cartier, 2008). First, two months prior to release, the offender should set the major post-release goals in order to utilize the proper resources. Second, case conference is needed to provide the offenderâ€⠄¢s transition to community, occurring a month prior to release. Third, regular meetings are necessary to support the offender when he/she reenters the community (Prendergast Cartier, 2008).Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that case management and risk assessment systems play an important role in probation and parole. Due to the use of evidence based practices in the field of corrections, it is possible to better understand the significance of these systems in achievement of the established goals. While offenders are under the supervision of probation/ parole officers, there is an opportunity to improve the offender’s lifestyle through reduction of future criminal behavior. Case management in probation and parole services allows to link offenders to the specific services and counseling practices. In fact, case management services help to enhance collaboration between the elements of the criminal justice system, social s ervices and health care services in order to improve transition from the correction institution to the community setting. Recent researches show that development and implementation of effective methods for risk assessment in parole and probation guarantee success in these services through incorporation of the dynamic supervision progress techniques provided by probation and parole officers. In general, Probation and parole officers effectively use risk assessment in order to assign the intensity of intervention and identify the required criminogenic needs.

Breaking Down The CompTIA Security+

Breaking Down The CompTIA Security+ Over the last decade or so, IT security has exploded as a field, both in terms of the complexity and breadth of the subject matter, and the opportunities available to security-focused IT professionals. Security has become an inherent part of everything in IT, from network management to web, application and database development. But even with the increased focus on security, there is still much work to be done in the field, and opportunities for security-minded IT professionals aren’t likely to decrease any time soon. The Importance of Certifications For those who are already in the IT security field, or are looking to enhance their career, there is a range of certifications and training options available for those who want to learn about IT security and demonstrate that knowledge to current and potential employers. However, a lot of the more advanced IT security certifications require a level of knowledge, experience, and commitment that might be outside of the range of many newer IT professionals. A good certification to demonstrate basic security knowledge is the CompTIA Security certification. Unlike other certifications, such as the CISSP  or the CISM, the Security doesn’t have any mandatory experience or prerequisites, though CompTIA does recommend that candidates have at least two years of experience with networking in general  and security in particular. CompTIA also suggests that Security candidates obtain the CompTIA Network certification, but they don’t require it. Even though the Security is more of an entry-level certification than others, it’s still a valuable certification in its own right. In fact, the Security is a mandated certification for the US Department of Defense  and is accredited by both the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Another benefit of the Security is that it’s vendor-neutral, instead choosing to focus on security topics and technologies in general, without limiting its focus to any one vendor and their approach. Topics Covered by the Security Examination The Security is basically a generalist certification – meaning that it evaluates a candidate’s knowledge across a range of knowledge domains, as opposed to focusing on any one area of IT. So, instead of maintaining a focus on application security only, say, the questions on the Security will cover a broader range of topics, aligned according to the six primary knowledge domain defined by CompTIA (the percentages next to each indicate the representation of that domain on the exam): Network Security (21%)Compliance and operational security (18%)Threats and vulnerabilities (21%)Application, Data, and Host Security (16%)Access control and identity management (13%)Cryptography (11%) The exam provides questions from all of the domains above, although it is somewhat weighted to give more emphasis on some areas. For example, you can expect more questions on network security as opposed to cryptography, for example. That said, you shouldn’t necessarily focus your studying on any one area, especially if it leads you to exclude any of the others. A good, broad knowledge of all the domains listed above remains the best way to be prepared for the test. The Exam There is only one exam required to earn the Security certification. That exam (exam SY0-301) is comprised of 100 questions and is provided over a 90-minute period. The grading scale is from 100 to 900, with a passing score of 750, or roughly 83% (although that’s just an estimate  because the scale changes somewhat over time). Next Steps In addition to the Security, CompTIA offers a more advanced certification, the CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner (CASP), providing a progressive certification path for those who want to continue their security career and studies. Like the Security, the CASP covers security knowledge across a number of knowledge domains, but the depth and complexity of the questions asked on the CASP exam exceed those of the Security.​ CompTIA also offers numerous certifications in other areas of IT as well, including networking, project management and systems administration. And, if security is your chosen field, you might consider other certifications such as the CISSP, CEH, or a vendor-based certification such as the Cisco CCNA Security  or Check Point Certified Security Administrator (CCSA), to extend and deepen your knowledge of security.

Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Exam - Assignment Example Entrepreneurship involves implementation of alternative ideas to develop a business venture which is profitable (Chapman, 2012). An entrepreneur should be able to conceive alternative ideas from time to time. Since opportunities are available for a specific period, entrepreneurs should be able to implement the most profitable alternatives and will vary as situations vary. Therefore, before any investment is undertaken, an entrepreneur should be able to regulate all available alternatives and then select the most viable from the available alternatives. Innovation results to efficiency in production both in terms of time saving and resource utilization (EMAP Ltd. 2010.) Skilled and creative individuals have different alternatives of producing commodities. They will apply the most effective approach in each situation thereby resulting to effective utilization of resources. For example, utilization of automated teller machine (ATM) in the banking system has resulted to increase in the number of transactions completed in a day. This has resulted to a tremendous growth of the banking industry across the globe. Quality improvement results from efficient in utilization of resources. To obtain excellent quality, the producers have to utilize current technology (EMAP Ltd, 2010). Excellent quality products have minimal rejects and utilize all available resources effectively. Due to decline in waste as a result of excellent quality product, the producers are able to gain more from their production activities. For example, hospital offering excellent medical services will have minimal legal cases and will also increase their clients hence increase in productivity. An excellent leader should establish a team through whom they will be working together. A team leader should be someone who can be able to coordinate all the members to achieve desired results (Team Building Leadership,

Introducing Paulaner Beer in Indonesia (Demographics sections) Research Paper - 1

Introducing Paulaner Beer in Indonesia (Demographics sections) - Research Paper Example Muslim population, the issue of alcohol consumption in Indonesia has raised debates in the country for a long time with the current debate revolving on the possibility of banning alcoholic drinks in the country. Although the rate of alcohol consumption in the country remains relatively high, strong Islamic beliefs held by most Indonesians has made it difficult for investors to invest in alcoholic beverages. Consequently, most alcoholic beverages consumers in Indonesia are tourists. However, some Indonesian youths engage in alcohol drinking although this is mostly restricted to urban areas (Grant 98). The country’s ban on alcohol advertising on media would also mean that Paulaner has limited platform on which to market its products. As a way of regulating alcohol consumption, the government of Indonesia in 1990 banned alcohol advertising on media which has since made it difficult for new entries in the market to thrive. Other forms of alcohol advertising in the country are also governed by strict rules further making it difficult to reach new markets. Laws on certification on alcoholic products in Indonesia are also strict and can involve a long process before one gets a license. The country further classifies alcoholic beverages in the closed business field meaning that commercialization of any business related to alcoholic beverages is illegal (Grant 98). Consequently, businesses in this industry are restricted from expansion through investment. When the above factors combine, they present a significant challenge to any investor planning to invest the alcoholic beverages industry in Indonesia. Among the factors that might negatively impact on a business is poor quality products coupled with poor customer services. Equally detrimental is the effect of negative actions by an employee within a business more so when it comes to dealing with clients. Additionally, irresponsible financial management that includes ill-advised investment can also impact on a

Exercise and Appetite Regulation versus Adipokines Essay Example for Free

Exercise and Appetite Regulation versus Adipokines Essay Adipose tissue has long been considered a storage organ for triacylglycerol, but it is now known, that adipose tissue also produces and releases a variety of signaling molecules – †adipokines† or â€Å"adipocytokines†. Some of these adipokines are well described as regarding plasma concentration and in vitro gene transcription, secretion and effect on various cell types, but only little is known about in vivo regulation of adipokine secretion [XLAB 2008]. Adipokines may mediate insulin resistance or modulate the likelihood that obesity results in the development of type 2 diabetes [CARE 2003]. Obesity is strongly associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (Depres J-P 1990). There are recent studies that adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin suppresses the development of atherosclerosis which is a cardiovascular disease (Reilly MP 2004). Adipokine or fat can raise such insulin levels, which promote the growth of cancer cells [FHCR 2007]. And because of these risks in chronic diseases, exercise is very important to burn fat that causes these diseases. In order to reduce risk in chronic disease and strengthening the immune system, exercise is very important. Lack of exercise may contribute of having a chronic disease which may be long lasting or recurrent. A recent study showed that intensive workouts can not only slow the progress of coronary disease, but actually restore lost coronary function when the disease is still stable. For chronically ill individuals, the psychological as well as physical benefits of exercise can be profound. Even ten minutes of light exercise a day, can help most chronically ill patients feel more vibrant, energetic and alert [PREV c. 008]. Physical activity fights the intra-abdominal fat or Adipokine tissue that can fuel risk of cancer, heart disease, diabetes [FHCR 2007]. Some people use anti-inflammatory drugs to regulate their metabolism and immune function such as Glucocortisoids. Regulation in the metabolism helps maintain the level of fat your body need. Whereas mineralocorticoids, it helps maintain blood volume and control renal excretion of electrolytes which are good for people with high blood pressures. While some anti-inflammatory drugs are just used to increase muscle and bone synthesis. Some anti-inflammatory drugs are used to stimulate secretion of hormones that burns fat. In addition to anti-inflammatory medical drugs, there are many herbs that have anti-inflammatory qualities. Some of these herbs are ginger, hyssop, Turmeric, Amica Montana and willow bark. Appetite regulation balances the food intake that results to stabling the fat that only the body needs. In appetite regulation, anti-inflammatory foods are sometimes being taken. These anti-inflammatory foods burns fat and sometimes stimulate hormones that make your brain think that you are not hungry even though you are not eating anything yet. Anti-inflammatory foods include most colorful fruits and vegetables, oily fish and certain nuts, seeds, herbs and spices such as ginger. Those following an anti-inflammatory diet will avoid refined oils and sugars, and show a preference for anti-inflammatory foods in their meal choices[Hyman M. 2006]. To regulate overall food intake, long-acting adiposity signals ultimately affect the number and size of individual meals. They, therefore, influence decisions regarding when to start and stop eating. The sense of fullness that contributes to meal termination results from mechanical, neural, and humoral signals that arise from the gut and are relayed to the brain primarily via the brainstem [AMER 2003]. Hormones that govern energy homeostasis—leptin and insulin—increase responsiveness to short-acting satiety signals (Schwartz MW 2000). Consequently, when fat stores diminish and leptin and insulin levels decrease, sensitivity to meal-related satiety signals is blunted, promoting increased meal size. Body adiposity indirectly modulates the efficacy of meal-related satiety signals from the gut, thereby influencing meal size [AMER 2003] Chronic disease may be prevented through these anti-inflammatory drugs or foods but not only anti-inflammatory drugs or foods but also accompanying these drugs with exercise and avoiding tobacco, because Exercise makes your heart stronger and improves the circulation of blood in your body. It also improves your body posture. I believe that in order to reduce the risk of developing certain common chronic diseases, regular physical exercise is an important step in taking care of your health and protecting yourself from health problems.

Essay --

There is a process in plant agriculture that scientists intentionally make a replica of a gene of a plant or organism and places it into another plant or organism. This produces what we call a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) or sometimes known as genetically engineered food. The modifications of the genetics in plants, livestock, and other organisms go as far back as 10,000 years ago and over time scientists have experimented with cross-breeding, researched how to create plants with desirable traits, and the first actual GMO was introduced to the market. There are currently eight crops commercially available from GMO in the United States. These crops include corn, cotton, soybeans, canola, alfalfa, sugar beets, papaya, and squash. There are several reasons as to why the crops are being genetically altered. Some of the reasons include making crops more resistant to disease, which will then result in a more efficient and higher production of crops, making them taste and look more a ppealing, and an abundance of other reasons. As of now, the labeling of Genetically Modified Organisms aren’t enforced. A major reason people would like foods who have been genetically modified to be labeled is because people feel they have the right to know what they are consuming. Some reasons why people are opposed to requiring the labeling of GMO’s is because there are no significant differences between genetically modified foods and conventional foods. There are people who are in favor of genetically modified foods being labeled for consumers. If the foods that have been modified are labeled, they can inform the people purchasing and consuming them (Debatepedia, 2010). Various bacteria are being used when modifying foods and if taken into the bod... ...t need to be labeled as such. In my opinion, I think genetically modified foods should be labeled. If they label these foods and have nothing to hide, then there shouldn’t be an issue. Yes, people have the choice whether or not they would buy foods that have been modified, but I think it’s best to label them just so people can be in the know of what they are eating and then can make an informed choice. Also, if you are allergic to a certain food, or refuse to eat something due to ethical and religious values, you should be informed. As far as we know now, Genetically Modified Foods can serve no harm to us; it’s just the principle of being informed and aware of what you are putting into your body. As citizens of the United States, I believe we have earned the right to know every ingredient that is in our foods because our health id very dependent on what we consume.

NCOs in the American Army

Our work aims to research the role of NCOs in the American army in 1775-1865. NCO   means non-commissioned officer in United States Army, it’s the same as sergeant (Allen 118). Within the context of the Army rank system, however, there were often mitigating circumstances and a maze of variables that altered the hierarchy and the privileges associated with rank. Although the rank structure was essentially rigid, occasionally a â€Å"billet† or specific job could be of greater importance for the actual display of power. For example, a commander of any rank was shown more respect and admiration than a staff officer of the same rank.Commanders were often given special privileges because of their positions rather than their rank. Additionally, officers of lower rank and some enlisted soldiers sometimes had responsibilities that provided them with more respect, or at least more power. For example, an enlisted soldier who was post quartermaster wielded unusual power due to h is ability to determine who received coveted government supplies and equipment. However, regardless of the billet or display of power, the enlisted soldier who temporarily held the reins of power within a certain area never ascended to the higher social class of the officers. Social standing–or class association–was never altered by mere power or position. The enlisted soldier who was the quartermaster was still regarded as a member of the enlisted ranks and thus part of the lower class.On the Western frontier the Army's rank system remained unremittingly intact because it was the only structure there was. The post commander was the supreme authority in all matters, and every form of official military etiquette was respected and enforced. This disparity between officers and NCOs disappeared only very slowly as one moved up the rank structure, and it was a very foolish battalion commander who angers his own or a higher commander's sergeant major.At battalion level the s ergeant major served a useful unifying function, assisted the commander in dealing with troops and serving as a trainer for the unit's first sergeants. Above battalion, command sergeants major interfered with subordinate units, contradict local command guidance, and provided a disruptive back-channel for political maneuvering by NCOs dissatisfied with their commanders or their positions in life.So officer could place himself under the tutelage of his senior NCOs and act, in effect, as his platoon sergeant's subordinate and as the unit's mascot.The main task of NCOs was train   soldiers. Ideally, all cadets should be prior-service enlisted personnel, and those who are not should go through a regular-style basic training course, with regular drill sergeants, among normal trainees. At least in the past, trainees have often been terrified of the Army, particularly in the early weeks.They are also physically tired during basic training and only want to relax or perhaps explore their ne w environment during their off-duty time. Recruits do not know each other well enough at this period to develop the relations of trust and affection that are necessary for organizing a resistance movement. The Army appears to watch the trainees most closely during basic training, and it seems to give noncommissioned officers ( NCOs) and officers more license to use their power and authority than at nearly any other time during a soldier's experience in the Army.The NCOs keep a close watch for possible chargeable offenses, and there are many extra, stiffer inspections and vague threats of violence. In marches, the resisting soldier is continually called for being out of step, even if he is marching perfectly. Physical exercise is also used as a punishment. Officer couldn’t holler at nobody.   And if he didn't get the job done, the man who didn't do the job, they didn't say nothing to the private over there. They ask the NCO why the job didn't get done.Many times there is a c onflict between loyal service to one's immediate commander and improving one's image with his boss. The senior rater is rarely directly aware of a junior officer's work. This leads to another baneful effect, perhaps as crippling as any already discussed. Although the senior rater may have his own opinion of the junior officer, and will take the immediate rater's assessment into account, there is another source of input. That is the information fed to him by other members of the unit, including the rated officer's subordinates or, if he is a staff officer, people who are subject to his inspection. Many â€Å"subordinates,† such as senior NCOs, actually have far more prestige and credibility than the rated captain or lieutenant. Many times the senior rating amounts to nothing less than a peer or subordinate rating.A lieutenant or a company commander who has a bright idea is seen as trying to override his NCOs or to step on what they conceive to be their territory. While the rat ed officer's immediate boss may appreciate his innovations or unusual accomplishments, the senior rater will hear a lot more from the many wounded parties involved. The senior rating becomes a means of social control. Battles are not won by leaders who have adjusted to this kind of groupthink. This is probably why 49 percent of army officers felt that â€Å"the bold, creative officer could not survive† in the army.In the American army NCOs   allowed to take some responsibility in organizing the men, such as during recreation. This technique has the advantages of giving subordinates the experience in leadership they will need should the officer be missing and creates for them a more extensive sense of commitment to the unit. NCOs who take an interest in their squads have had an enormous effect in boosting morale and in creating a link to the officer.   NCOs are always to be backed up and never criticized in front of the men. Officers are less subject to the normative pull of enlisted men and hence do not suffer the conflicts between enlisted men's expectations and military expectations to the extent that NCOs do. Good relations with NCOs is a mark of a professionalized officer.When American soldiers went in combat action, they listen to their NCOs. Sergeants   are the ones who know what's going on and they could give officers a lot of help. In combat the officer in charge of the company, the company commander, is a commissioned officer who is likely to have little close contact with the men. He is concerned with logistics, but he is not primarily concerned with assessing morale. That information he gets from his senior NCOs, who are in close contact with the soldiers and are enlisted men themselves.Thus an NCO must have a great deal of experience in combat, whereas the officer need not have so much field experience. This is why the Army can function with a man in a higher command position. The Army places great importance on these morale indicators . They are easily observed and thought to be valid measures of leadership abilities and are therefore important in the evaluation of officers and NCOs for promotion.Many officers and NCOs respond to their accountability by trying to boost the indicators while paying little attention to the proper leadership techniques. Morale is the cornerstone of professional paternalist control, and paternalists have ways to assess morale; the NCO's function and the use of indicators come to mind.  American officers consistently proposed less severe corrective action than NCOs.  NCOs became more severe as they grew older and as their length of service increased. Interestingly, officers gave their highest effectiveness ratings to those NCOs who were most punitive and least like themselves.Inspector General’s report, Sergeant Major Robert D. Easterling was scathing about Guard noncommissioned officers in the three roundout brigades called up, including the 48th:  As a whole, the NCO cor ps within the National Guard Roundout brigades fail to meet the traditional standards expected of NCOs†¦. Most of the NCOs do not demonstrate an understanding or use of leadership principles. Although the NCO may know his strengths and weaknesses, countless interviews with NCOs reveal no real desire to seek self-improvement.The NCOs see no incentive to put forth additional effort for self-improvement†¦. Most immediate supervisors do not understand the need to care for their subordinates’ physical and safety needs, as well as the need to discipline and reward them fairly†¦. There is little evidence NCOs in the brigades strive to develop a sense of responsibility in their subordinates (Appendix D 64).Those not in units will perform meaningful staff work and a decision will be made regarding a â€Å"command track† for those who are gifted with soldier leadership skills. When a combat arms officer or NCO scrambles to get back in a unit, then we will know tha t the culture is correct. Officers and NCOs who have relied for years on coercive techniques may experience a great deal of stress as the Army limits their techniques. They feel discipline is eroding and that new soldiers will be ineffective and vulnerable to great losses in combat.Works Cited PageAllen,   Edward Frank. Allen's Dictionary of Abbreviations and Symbols. New York: Coward-McCann, 1946.Mackesy, Piers. The War for America: 1775-1783. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1992.â€Å"Special Assessment Dept. of the Army,† Appendix D,1965.Volo, Dorothy Denneen. Daily Life during the American Revolution. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2003.Werner , Herman O. Men in Arms: A History of Warfare and Its Interrelationships with Western Society. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1956.

Taxonomy of Love

Do you know about the Taxonomy of Love? The Taxonomy of Love is a theory that practices belief in five types of love Eros, Ludus, Storge, Mania, and Pragma. The great William Shakespeare wrote the tragic tale of Romeo and Juliet, which can perfectly be related to the Taxonomy of Love. Because Romeo is an Eros lover and Juliet is a Mania lover they are more likely to become tragic heroes. I believe Romeo is an Eros lover because he is indeed ready for love in all of its aspects and idealizes and almost fantasizes about his life with Juliet. Juliet on the other hand is what I would say fits into the description of a Mania lover.Juliet is a Mania lover because she wants to see Romeo daily, even when he is banished from the town, and because she becomes fiercely preoccupied with thoughts of Romeo and needs his love. Two examples that support Romeo being an Eros lover are the fact that he killed himself for Juliet’s love and the sheer idea that he even after being banished from the town an being threatened with death if he returned still snuck inside the village to see Juliet. Two examples that support Juliet’s love for Romeo being Mania are her not only wanting to see Romeo daily but the Idea that if she didn’t see her dear Romeo she became vastly upset nd never wanted him to leave her presence. The second reason that supports Juliet being a Mania lover is the fact that she was completely aware of Romeo’s banishment from the town she still could not simply end the forbidden relationship. My first quote from Romeo and Juliet that I feel explains Why Romeo is an Eros lover comes from (Act V, scene III, lines 68-73. )In lines 68-73 lies the battle between Romeo and Paris That leads to Paris’ death. The battle begins by Paris saying â€Å"I do defy thy conjuration/ and apprehend thee for a felon here†. / Romeo then says â€Å"Wilt thou provoke me? Then have at thee, boy! / Page says â€Å"O Lord, they fight! I will go call th e watch. / Paris then utters the words O, I am slain! If thou be merciful,/ Open the tomb, Lay me with Juliet†. After those words Paris dies. The quote listed above shows pure implications that Romeo’s Love is indeed that of the Eros style. This shows implications Because one of the guidelines that goes along with being an Eros lover are that you have to be ready for love and all of its risks. That being said, Romeo took the ultimate risk of fighting Paris who is The kinsman to the Prince who threatened Romeo with death if he were to step foot in the town.Also, the very fact that even after Page said he was going to get the watch Romeo still stood his ground with Paris and risked being apprehended and put to death. The second quote comes from (Act V, scene III, lines 191-120 Romeo says â€Å"Here’s to my love! Drinks. O true Apothecary! / Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die†. This also falls under the guidelines of being an Eros lover Because Romeo once again, takes a risk for love. The risk Romeo took this time was the ultimate risk in which was his life. Being that he took his own life for Juliet shows true Eros loveBeing that he would not only die for her but would even go to hell for her. I will now give two quotes as to which support Juliet being a Mania lover. My first quote comes from (Act V, scene III, lines 175-176) Juliet says â€Å"This is thy sheath; there rust, and let me die. / She stabs herself and falls on Romeo’s body. This is the perfect example of Mania love because Juliet basically Implies that seeing Romeo dead and not being able to be with him Might as well be death. She then kills herself and falls across her dear Romeo’s body. This goes with the guideline of Mania love because the guidelineIs the idea that the person becomes convinced that life without the partner’s love is hardly worth living. My second quote that supports Juliet’s love as being that of the Mania kind is f rom (Act III, scene V, lines1-3. Juliet says to Romeo â€Å"Wilt thou be gone? It is not yet near day. /It was the nightingale, and not the lark,/ that pierc’d the fearful hollow of thine ear. † This quote goes along with the guideline of Mania love: Wants to see the partner at least daily, and is easily upset By delays and postponements. I firmly believe that this perfectly fits into the guideline because Juliet was not ready for RomeoTo leave her presence and began to become disappointed When Romeo protested and said â€Å" It was the lark the herald of the morn† Romeo and Juliet are tragic heroes because of their love styles. Romeo being a Eros lover leads to his downfall because of his risky behavior out of love. Juliet being a Mania style lover leads to her downfall because she Believes life without Romeo is insignificant and is no longer worth living for. In Conclusion, Romeo and Juliet are tragic heroes and any other Lovers who share the same love styles as them are apt to becoming tragic heroes.

Britain And France Essays - Knights Of The Garter, Robert Walpole

Britain And France Essays - Knights Of The Garter, Robert Walpole Britain and France Britain and France remained leading powers in Western Europe as Spain and the United Netherlands declined because these two countries gained so much power and economic strength. France possessed the largest European population during this time. It also had wiser political leadership, economic recovery and consolidation, and a less ambitious foreign policy. France?s army at mid-century was still the largest and strongest military force on the continent. Its colonies produced wealth and spurred domestic industries while its cities grew and prospered. England also enjoyed a period of success during this time. When Robert Walpole, who had always been active in the House of Commons, took over the helm of the government, Great Britain enjoyed a stability it had not seen for a century. Walpole did little to raise the level of British political morality. Nonetheless, foreign trade grew, agriculture became more productive, the navy became stronger, and economic enterprise prospered.

Assessing Strategic Analysis About Ryanair Airways

Assessing Strategic Analysis About Ryanair Airways The Ryanair is started by the Ryan family in 1985, with share capital of one pound and only with 25 colleagues , they started daily basis flights from Waterford in the Ireland to London Gatwick, with 5000 passengers on the route . The company grow further with high competitors British Airways and air Lingus . It is operating in a highly competitive sectors . but after 3 years of fast industrial growth , company increasingly got the numbers of passengers. with the price and routes competition they face  £20mn losses and it leads thinking about restructuring , Ryanair was take models from southwest airlines low cost leadership model .Under the new management team with new CEO Michael O’Leary rethink and Launch a New LOW COST , NO FRILLS Strategy . In 1997 the EU Air transport authority allows the Ryanair to first time to operate 18 new routes in European Continental area. They took many corrective action against cost reduction Eg no free drinks ,foods, and other facilities. R yanair got good response from all European passengers who likes frequent , quick and Low cost Travel . Ryanair overtakes BA and Air Lingus in the Dublin – London routes . Ryanair achieves their objective in a short period , they won many awards and positions in airlines industry, Ryanair got good name for punctuality. consistently the organisation expands operations , therefore in become very famous airline in the world ., and currently Ryanair operating 24 countries 436 low fare routs carried nearby 60mn people . Ryanair’s Strategy : â€Å"Ryanair’s objective is to firmly establish itself as Europe’s leading low-fares scheduled passenger airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of its low-fares service†(Ryanair.com)The Ryanair key strategies. Industry Leading passenger service High frequency on short- haul routes. Significantly providing a service with very Low fares . – low operating costs, addressing aircraft and equi pment, personnel productivity, customer service costs and airport access fees Use the internet effectively Commitment to the safety and quality maintenance . Expand the operation results via Ancillary services. Ryanair offering a highly differentiated product with very lower fare, which increasing their competitive advantage to maintain competitive position on over its competitor. The firm makes to claim to their market area by marking Europe’s first no frills airline service.(Ryanair.com). Sustainable competitive advantage : Cost reduction Strategy: The Ryanair has following cost reduction strategy for achieving its goal for retaining their competitive position in airlines industries . there is five main functional factors like Airport charges , contracting out services , fleet commonality , managed staff costs and marketing cost .these are the areas they are giving great focus to improve low cost operation . According to fleet commonality the airways using particular type o f aircraft which controls the cost and limits the cost for employee training and development , maintenance cost and managing spares , giving more flexibility to scheduling the duty crew and aircraft. The Ryanair using Boeing 737 series to operate more numbers of passengers, and it allows 25% of increased their passengers with guaranteed 15 years of operating life .the old fleet took more maintenance coat and less fuel efficient , according to EU noise reduction requirements, the Ryanair fleets are required to install hushkits to avoid noises , it take more cost for installation almost $20mn , the increased weight might leads by negative figure of fuel efficiency .

Do you think that Crito is being a good friend to Socrates by trying Research Paper

Do you think that Crito is being a good friend to Socrates by trying to convince him to escapeThe focus on your reflection should be the nature of friendship.What does it mean to be a good friend - Research Paper Example 196). This statement would have us believe that Crito was not really interested in the philosophy of Socrates and thus does not qualify as a friend at all. However, in real life, friends may not understand our attitudes Critics have also pointed out to the role of Crito in the financial affairs of Socrates, which they use as a point to accuse Crito of false friendship. â€Å"Crito suspects that people will say that he had cared more for his money than for his friend†¦most scholars, failing to understand the depth of Crito’s concern, have picked out this argument to dismiss Crito as caring only for appearances† (West 71). Crito’s concern for his friend, has however been proved beyond doubt by his subsequent questions to Socrates. These questions include ones where he enquires of Socrates whether his refusal was because of the risks that he would run; â€Å"justice demands that friends run such risks† (West 73). That the concern that Crito expresses for Socrates is thus that which would be expressed by any true friend is evident from this. From the above analysis, it is fairly evident that the actions of Crito were totally selfless. His inability to completely understand the philosophy of his friend should not be held against him, since such instances are very rare where two friends are of the same intellectual