University and Sharpie Essay Example for Free

College and Sharpie Essay Sharpie, the organization that creates a line of top notch markers that arrives in a wide assortment of hues. School or college understudies use them in light of their splendid and energetic hues. To additionally get the message out for their stunning item, a battle is conceived. In this manner, we came out with â€Å"Let the hues speak†. This crusade centers around the assortment of hues they give, and how significant it is without them. It is joint effort between†¦ This battle will initially start advancing by means of online networking, where the greater part of Sharpie’s principle target crowd invests energy in. Here they†¦ Objective: To assist Sharpie with expanding its image mindfulness, further improve its item commitment prompting an expansion in deals. Arrangement: To show how restricted one could communicate with the nonappearance of shading. We express them as opposed to the outrageous: A blindfolded individual with Sharpie shaded markers will draw a beast that they believe, can get away from the container. Along these lines, we present to you, Let Your Imaginations Run Wild. Schools and colleges will be reached to have the significant occasion. They will contend with one another by means of online life, and the victor will have the drawn beast etched into structure as a prize for the school. The shortlisted people will likewise get their very own trophy beast. Anticipated Results: A normal expanded traffic to Sharpie’s Facebook page for the initial hardly any starting hours. Understudies will be informed and a spread of voice is relied upon to occur in the following scarcely any days. A sound rivalry for the sake of creative mind is relied upon to happen among various schools. At last, we hope to meet the destinations: expanded brand mindfulness among target crowd, item commitment is finished during the cooperations and furthermore an expansion in deals.

Research Proposal on Parenting Styles Research Paper Example

Research Proposal on Parenting Styles Paper A child rearing style is a complex of strategies and methods which are utilized by guardians during the time spent the raising of their kids. There are numerous ways to deal with the children’s raising and every one of them has the appropriate for presence. The subject of the parental style has constantly upset individuals, in light of the fact that the issue of raising is the most troublesome and dubious one. There are two primary methodologies which depend on the mental and educational practice: the dynamic control of guardians and the impact of the earth on the improvement of a kid. For instance, guardians can control the kid constantly and tell what and the best way to do; or they can just watch his turn of events and advance him during the time spent a mind-blowing accomplishment experience. A youngster can create itself and get familiar with it's general surroundings collection the beneficial experience and information about the world. Based on these two methodologies three styles of child rearing showed up. The first is called tyrant and depends on the unlimited authority of the child’s life by its folks. Guardians control each progression and activity of their youngster and educate them how to do each activity effectively. Liberal child rearing style is the contrary method of raising kids and depends on the total opportunity for a youngster. Youngsters can do whatever and at whatever point they like and no one forestalls them to do all they need. Subsequently kids are free however it is difficult to control them in future, as they have used to get all they wish. The last child rearing style is the legitimate style which remains in the past ones: guardians encourage their kid, set the guidelines and requests yet never over-burden the youngster with them. We will compose a custom exposition test on Research Proposal on Parenting Styles explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Research Proposal on Parenting Styles explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Research Proposal on Parenting Styles explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer An efficient child rearing styles investigate proposition ought to be founded on the difficult work and point by point research of the theme. In the event that the understudy has researched the difficult well and has new successful thoughts which will suit to the subject of child rearing styles, his proposition will likely be acknowledged. Also, the paper ought to be persuading, dire, intriguing and consistent. One should introduce philosophy and writing survey segments to convince the educator that the point is worth consideration. The issue of persuading paper composing is very hard for understudies who are absence of the composing experience. So as to perceive how an effective paper seems as though one should peruse a very much broke down free model research proposition on child rearing styles arranged by the expert author in the Internet. Each understudy should focus on the free example look into proposition on child rearing styles in the event that he needs to finish an intriguing, legitimate and all around designed paper which will suit the general composing necessities. *** NOTE! To the extent you realize free example investigate proposition and models about Parenting are 100% counterfeited!!! At EssayLib.com composing administration you can arrange a custom research proposition on Parenting Styles themes. Your examination paper proposition will be composed without any preparation. We enlist first class Ph.D. what's more, Master’s journalists just to give understudies proficient research proposition help at moderate rates. Every client will get a non-copied paper with convenient conveyance. Simply visit our site and dispatch in the request structure with all proposition subtleties: Make the most of our expert research proposition composing administration!

The 10 Rules of Successful Delegation

The 10 Rules of Successful Delegation So you are settling well into your new management role but you can’t help but feel like you have way too much on your plate and you are increasingly buried deep in work.That may be making you feel a little frustrated, but hey, there’s a way out of this â€" delegation.Delegation is a very important skill for any manager, business owner or team leader in the accomplishment of a majority of business goals. If you cannot delegate, you will have a very long shot at being a successful manager.While it might feel good to get all your tasks done on your own, you will eventually encounter stagnation and exhaustion, which will have a negative impact on your productivity.Delegation helps prevent you from getting to this point. In addition, it will allow you to make huge time savings and also present your team with opportunities to develop their skills.In today’s article, we are going to take a look at how to take advantage of delegation to improve your efficiency as a manager or business leader.WHAT IS DELEGATION? Since managers alone cannot undertake all the tasks assigned to them, they have to subdivide and sub-allocate the tasks to subordinates to achieve the targeted results.Delegation is the administrative process where authority to perform a particular task is conferred upon another person.This process cascades from the very top of the company in line with the scalar principle, where a clear chain of authority (chain of command or scalar chain) is established between superiors and subordinates.For example, authority is disseminated from the Board of Directors, to the CEO, departmental managers, first line managers and finally to where actual work occurs.Usually, one person can only effectively supervise a limited number of subordinates.When this limit is reached, they will have to delegate their powers to someone else to oversee the supervision.The managers performance is evaluated not on work actually done but what they get accomplished through their team.As a manager, you can only delegate the authority to perform a task but not responsibility.You are ultimately responsible for ensuring the tasks assigned are accomplished as planned.ELEMENTS OF DELEGATIONAuthority: This is the power you have as a manager to utilise and allocate business resources as you deem fit as well to issue orders aimed at attaining organisational goals. The scope of authority of a particular section-head is usually strictly defined to guard against misuse.Responsibility: Once authority is delegated, the employee to whom the tasks have been assigned is given responsibility over them and as such, completion is dependent on them. They will need to be answerable if the task is not accomplished as required.Likewise, they would be the ones directly in line for rewards associated with the exceptional accomplishment of such tasks. For the employees to reasonably shoulder responsibility, it will be accompanied by adequate authority transfer. That said, the delegating auth ority is holds the ultimate responsibility for the tasks.Accountability: This is the expectation that explanations for variations between the set task outcomes and the actual execution will be forthcoming from the employee to whom a task was delegated. This is inescapable since it stems from the responsibility. It means adhering to the set standards and being innovative.As authority moves from top to bottom, responsibility moves from bottom up. Accountability stems from responsibility and thus flows upwards.For example, if ‘A’ is assigned a task with enough authority and delegates to ‘B’, ultimate responsibility and accountability rests with ‘A’ but ‘B’ will still be responsible and accountable to ‘A’.WHY DELEGATION?Delegation can result in tangible and non-tangible benefits for businesses including saving time, money and reducing burnout.Research has demonstrated that poor delegation could achieve the inverse; increase employee burnout and tardiness, demotivatio n, confuse teams and eventually contribute to high turnover.To ensure successful delegation, managers must abide by some key guidelines that have been identified.To get you started on your journey to successful delegation, we conducted extensive research on some of the key guidelines of delegation that successful managers have been implementing.Below are the 10 rules of successful delegation which every manager must have up their sleeves.1. CHOOSE THE RIGHT PERSON OR TEAMAs a manager, you ought to have learnt, to some extent, the characteristics, personalities, strengths and weaknesses of your employees.You have to identify those that seem to be most passionate about taking more responsibility, leading teams or a new project.A good candidate can be someone who has expressed similar interest before and proven to be innovative.Ensure you engage the employee early enough so that you allow them some time to consider the impact the new responsibilities could have. Be prepared to address their most pressing concerns.It is also prudent to ensure that the employee you choose has the time to accomplish the task in addition to their daily roles. Do not overburden them.Consider their career goals and how their roles might change if you hand over the task to them.This is also an opportunity for your staff to show other strengths that you might not have been aware of.You can also look at it as a way to build on the team’s skillset.Many business owners have groomed their managers this way because they were able to mold them by delegating tasks from when they were at junior levels.Chances are this will also happen in your organization, so it is absolutely critical that you get started with the right people.2. LET GOThe next most important principle of successful delegation is the ability to let go.From the very definition of delegation, it is only beneficial if the manager can free up time to concentrate on higher level tasks such as leadership and strategy development.You must get to the level where you can trust your team to accomplish the tasks as you would have or even better without your interference.After all, you hired the best talent already and you decided on the best person to take over the task.Delegation is on the right track if managerial staff are able to work effortlessly with their subordinates in meeting the accomplishment of day to day deliverables.This involves trusting your staff’s skills and talents as well as their commitment to get the job done.Letting go means that once you have delegated a task to a subordinate, you should not keep checking over their shoulder to see if they are doing right.This will only waste your time and beats the point of delegation. It is actually better not to delegate a task rather than delegate and then keep following up on the task every now and then.It is imperative that you respect your employee’s autonomy; supervise, support and be ready to give guidance where necessary, but give them the spa ce to work on the task.This will actually make your employees more confident in their abilities.3. CLARITY IS CRITICALNo one likes unclear instructions or messages.They will most often leave people confused and can be demotivating, especially at the workplace.Don’t be that kind of manager who often leaves people wondering ‘what exactly am I supposed to do?’You cannot afford to be economical with the details here even when you think the employee can figure it out. Make sure the task requirements are clearly spelt out, as well as the deadlines.You should also explain the reason for delegating the task to the team or individual that you are entrusting the task to.This is actually an opportunity to inject confidence in them as they take over.Confirm that the understanding is shared and that all their questions are answered.If you are not clear with your employee, it is quite possible they could get the impression that work is being dumped on them arbitrarily.The ramifications of a hurried and ambiguous delegation process are quite obvious.The employee might get it wrong and the workload you were trying to shed off will back on your desk.Worse, important deadlines might be missed and revenue and clients lost.4. WHAT IS IN IT FOR THEM?If you are going to delegate to someone then you have to have to spell out what benefits they will accrue from taking on this responsibility.A study conducted by the University of Columbia showed that employees will respond more positively to delegation if they are well aware of the inherent benefits specific to the new tasks they are required to take over.As reported by the study, managers can weave the benefits language around the themes of empowerment, autonomy and increased visibility for the concerned employees.You wouldn’t expect workers to be overly enthusiastic about taking up new responsibilities, and possibly more working hours with no added benefits at a time when employees are trying to prioritize work-life balance. A similar study conducted on firms across California also showed that employees are more likely to take over tasks when there are tangible benefits.The study also revealed that delegating can boost employee’s excitement for work because they usually think of the practice as a grooming technique.5. PROVIDE RESOURCESIt would be detrimental to give your staff tasks and deny them the resources they need to accomplish them. As a wise business manager, you need to plan for this even before delegating.As you are thinking of the task at hand and the person or team that is going to perform the task, you need to think of the resources that they will use to get the task done.You also need to consider what other resources they might require.When supervising the team or checking up on their progress, be sure to also check on how well the resources at hand are working for them.Among the challenges that many managers have faced include details about the location, equipment, time, budgetary appro ximations and horizontal/vertical collaborations that sometimes discourage managers from delegating.Nevertheless, with a well-prepared delegation plan, a manager will ace through this crucial part of delegation. Some of the tools available to help you with resource allocation include, Slack, Evernote, and Wunderlist, among many others that you can easily find online.6. COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELYEffective communication is critical to delegation and is a critical component accounting for many of the success rules outlined in this article.Be sure to communicate and check in with the person or team that you have chosen.Ensure that you check on the progress of the work but do not micromanage. Remember you are there only as an overseer and a facilitator.If your employees feel pressured to act like they are working, then the delegation process will fail.Clearly state your expectations, goals and deadlines. This is also your opportunity to get to know your employees and build long-term relatio nships that will ensure successful collaboration and alignment with company goals.Listen to them and ensure that they know you are listening by giving them feedback on their contributions, complains and suggestions.Do not only communicate when you are giving them the guidelines but also praise them when they accomplish something.This will pump their energies and they will be motivated to continue impressing you with their work.7. BE PATIENT AND UNDERSTANDINGGrowing an employee into the shoes of a new task is quite similar to raising children.You should always be ready for mistakes because they will definitely happen.You need to be patient as they grow up and understand that they are young and bound to make mistakes that you would not do.Nevertheless, with the right amount of guidance, children will grow and become their own individuals capable of handling their own business.Similarly, with delegating you might think that you could do it better and faster by yourself.But as their lea der, you are thinking about the future and the implication this new set of skills your team is acquiring could have on longer-term business goals.As such, your patience comes with a willingness to advice, suggest approaches and providing for room to make mistakes.Remember that even though you have delegated, you are still responsible for the outcomes of the task.Be prepared to explain the task at hand giving details and answering questions which some inexperienced managers would view as time consuming.You are better off viewing this time as an opportunity to learn more about your team and let the team learn more about your thought process so that you can work effortlessly with each other eventually.8. DO NOT OVER-DELEGATEAs we have discussed, delegating is beneficial for both management and staff!That’s right!Contrary to retrogressive opinion, delegating is not just the practice of dumping every other extra load on subordinates but an opportunity to grow employees, the management and the overall company.As such, managers need to be cautious not to fall into the trap of delegating too many tasks such that it beats the entire point of wanting to delegate.You must take into account the talent pool available at your disposal, creativity levels and the time implication.As a guide, you shouldn’t delegate the following;Routine tasks â€" while there is an exception to this rule, you want to best use your employs talents in the most profitable way for the company and not filling paperwork.Crises â€" you are the leader here and there is not time your team needs your expertise and authority than during a crisis.Ambiguous tasks â€" if a task for whatever reason seams ill-defined, it cannot then be passed on to a subordinate.Confidential issues â€" you are probably best trained to handle such matters that require sensitivity.Reprimand or praise â€" this has to come from you if it is to have the desired effect.Team development plan â€" while the team’s input is absolu tely necessary, as the leader, this falls on your corner.If you keep finding yourself increasingly not up to speed with team deliverables, getting last minute updates and not well aware of team priorities, you have probably been delegating more than you should have.You are duty bound to reevaluate how much guidance and structuration you are giving your team and take back some essential control.A good way to determine what tasks to delegate and which ones you need to handle yourself is to use a delegation matrix. Sample delegation matrix. Source: Atlas 1019. SHARE REWARDS AND APPRECIATE YOUR TEAMOnce the task is complete, do not metamorphose into an ungrateful leper and take the credit as solely yours.Recognizing the efforts of your staff will go a long way into improving their morale and commitment because they will feel valued.A simple way to recognize their effort it to have an open appraisal meetings where you gather your staff and praise the employee or team responsible for accomplishing a task.Make sure to spell out the inputs they made towards completing the duties delegated to them. Openly congratulate them for a job-well done.If there are any material benefits accrued from the completed task, share it with them and you will be assured a long-term relationship with that team or individual.10. EVALUATE! EVALUATE! EVALUATE!Now the task is complete and you have appreciated your team. It is time to evaluate!Evaluation is a must if you want to learn from the experience for a smoother one n ext time. It is time to sit down with your team and go through the task that they performed.Ask about their expectations before beginning the task, their challenges, how they solved them and what they learnt from the experience.Let this be the blueprint for the next time you delegate because it is practical and therefore applicable.Collectively brainstorm on the solutions that can be applied for the challenges that occurred during the process.Compare the results to the expected outcomes and the methods that you used to complete tasks.Think of better techniques that you could have used. Think of other novel ideas. To ensure that none of this information is lost, document the evaluation process and set it aside for another day.A Word of CautionWith these 10 rules, any manager can easily become a master of delegation.Managers should however, take caution when delegating. You should know that some employees feel overburdened when given tasks and others might think that their boss just w ants to offload.A recent study, revealed that some employees just think of their bosses as lazy when they give them tasks that they could have done.One employee said she had been willing to take on tasks but after a while saw that her boss seemed to be dumping his work on her, which she felt was very abusive.You will therefore need to clarify these details to your staff so that they can view it as an opportunity for growth rather than a punishment.Remember that delegation is not an easy process so do not expect it to be. Plan ahead of time in order to ensure a smooth process and better outcomes.Make sure you delegate early to ensure that the team or individual has enough time to complete the task effectively.Use your evaluation forms as a blueprint for when next you conduct the process.Be sure to give delegation a chance and enjoy learning and growing with your employees.WRAPPING UPSuccessful delegation is an arsenal for any manager or business leader and a proven technique that hel ps both management and staff to learn and grow. It is also an opportunity for managers to do the job that they were hired to â€" lead teams to complete tasks essential to achieving business objectives.There is a famous business motto that says if a manager leaves a company and there is no one to effortlessly take over, then the manager did not complete her or his job description. Delegation is a manager’s main job.The better a manager is at delegating, the better the team is.The difference between successful managers and their counterparts is the ability to delegate and consolidate the work team in meeting company goals.Once you have used these successful rules for delegating, you will become a better manager, you will save time, and your team will find opportunities to develop their skills as you entrust them with more and more responsibilities.

Consumer Behavior In Mutual Funds Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 23 Words: 6755 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The objective of the research study is to know the factors of consumer behavior in mutual funds. Mutual is considered as a risky investment by common men in India. With change in time, people are investing in mutual funds. The evaluation of financial planning has been increased through decades, which is best seen in customer rise. Now a days investment of saving has assumed great importance. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Consumer Behavior In Mutual Funds Finance Essay" essay for you Create order In this project the great emphasis is given to the investors mind in respect to investment in Mutual Fund. This research will reveal different factors affecting the investors behavior in three different stages. The first stage is the pre purchase stage. In this an investors comes to know about a mutual fund plan. He takes many references before choosing a fund to invest. The second stage is the decision making. A customer several options to choose from. He evaluates the options keeping in mind different factors. The third stage is the after investment behavior. Mutual funds are directly link to the economy. When there are some fluctuations in economy how an investor reacts to it. In this project an in-depth study will be carried out to reveal various factors in all above mention stages. Scope of the Research: The research titled Consumer Behavior in mutual Funds covers investors in mutual funds in North Goa. The research covers the three types of mutual funds by investment objective that are Equity, Debt and Balance Funds. The findings will represent the mutual fund investors in North Goa. Limitation of the study: The research was conducted in a limited duration of four weeks. The survey is limited only to the Mutual funds and cannot be applied to other instruments of investment. Methodology: Research Design The objective of the project study is accomplished by conducting a systematic research. Exploration: Quantitative design: The raw data is acquired from the Jennifer Mendis Investment consultancy. Subsequently converted into questionnaire and then circulated to investors. After that the data was converted into graphical with findings. Pilot test: The qualitative research test was done with small sample of employees. The questions were then revised. Research Plan: Once the problem was identified, the next step I did was to prepare a plan for getting the information needed for the research. The present study was to adopt exploratory approach wherein there is need to gather data perform an analysis before making a conclusion. Collection and Sources of data: Primary data Questionnaire Personal interaction (informal/formal) with investors. Observation. Secondary data Internet Sample plan: Random Sampling Population: Mutual fund Investors Sample size: 100 employees INDEX Sr.no contents Page no. 1 Introduction to Mutual funds 10 2 Need for the study 17 3 Data Analysis 18 4 Fndings 50 5 Conclusion and learning 51 6 Annexures 52 MUTUAL FUND INTRODUCTION A Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a common financial goal. The money thus collected is invested by the fund manager in different types of securities depending upon the objective of the scheme. These could range from shares to debentures to money market instruments. The income earned through these investments and the capital appreciations realized by the scheme are shared by its unit holders in proportion to the number of units owned by them (pro rata). Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed portfolio at a relatively low cost. Anybody with an inventible surplus of as little as a few thousand rupees can invest in Mutual Funds. Each Mutual Fund scheme has a defined investment objective and strategy A Mutual fund is the ideal investment vehicle for todays complex and modern financial scenario. Markets for equity shares, bonds and other fixed income instruments, real estate, derivatives and other assets have become mature and information driven. Price changes in these assets are driven by global events occurring in faraway places. A typical individual is unlikely to have the knowledge, skills, inclination and time to keep track of events, understand their implications and act speedily. An individual also finds it difficult to keep track of ownership of his assets, investments, brokerage dues and bank transactions etc. A draft offer document is to be prepared at the time of launching the fund. Typically, it pre specifies the investment objectives of the fund, the risk associated, the costs involved in the process and the broad rules for entry into and exit from the fund and other areas of operation. In India, as in most countries, these sponsors need approval from a regulator, SEBI (Securities exchange Board of India) in our case. SEBI looks at track records of the sponsor and its financial strength in granting approval to the fund for commencing operations. A sponsor then hires an asset management company to invest the funds according to the investment objective. It also hires another entity to be the custodian of the assets of the fund and perhaps a third one to handle registry work for the unit holders (subscribers) of the fund. In the Indian context, the sponsors promote the Asset Management Company also, in which it holds a majority stake. In many cases a sponsor can hold a 100% stake in the Asset Management Company (AMC). E.g. Birla Global Finance is the sponsor of the Birla Sun Life Asset Management Company Ltd., which has floated different mutual funds schemes and also acts as an asset manager for the funds collected under the schemes. Characteristics: A mutual fund actually belongs to the investors who have pooled their funds. A mutual fund is managed by investment professionals and other service providers, who earn a fee for their services, from the fund. The pool of funds is invested in a portfolio of marketable investments. The value of the portfolio is updated every day. The investors share in the fund is denominated by units. The value of the units changes with change in the portfolios value, every day. The value of one unit of investment is called the Net Asset Value or NAV. MUTUAL FUND STRUCTURE The Structure Consists: The structure of mutual funds in India is governed by the SEBI Regulations, 1996. These regulations make it mandatory for mutual funds to have a 3-tier structure of Sponsors-Trustee-AMC (Asset Management Company). The Sponsor is the promoter of mutual fund, and appoints the Trustee. The Trustees are responsible to the investors in the mutual funds, and appoint the AMC for managing the investment portfolio. The AMC is the business face of the mutual funds, as it manages all the affairs of mutual funds. The mutual funds and AMC have to be registered by the SEBI. Sponsor Sponsor is the person who acting alone or in combination with another body corporate establishes a mutual fund. Sponsor must contribute at least 40% of the net worth of the Investment Managed and meet the eligibility criteria prescribed under the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996.The Sponsor is not responsible or liable for any loss or shortfall resulting from the operation of the Schemes beyond the initial contribution made by it towards setting up of the Mutual Fund. Trust The Mutual Fund is constituted as a trust in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 by the Sponsor. The trust deed is registered under the Indian Registration Act, 1908. Trustee Trustee is usually a company (corporate body) or a Board of Trustees (body of individuals). The main responsibility of the Trustee is to safeguard the interest of the unit holders and inter-alia ensure that the AMC functions in the interest of investors and in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996, the provisions of the Trust Deed and the Offer Documents of the respective Schemes. At least 2/3rd directors of the Trustee are independent directors who are not associated with the Sponsor in any manner. Asset Management Company (AMC) The AMC is appointed by the Trustee as the Investment Manager of the Mutual Fund. The AMC is required to be approved by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to act as an asset management company of the Mutual Fund. At least 50% of the directors of the AMC are independent directors who are not associated with the Sponsor in any manner. The AMC must have a net worth of at least 10 crores at all times. Registrar and Transfer Agent The AMC if so authorized by the Trust Deed appoints the Registrar and Transfer Agent to the Mutual Fund. The Registrar processes the application form, redemption requests and dispatches account statements to the unit holders. Custodian A custodian handles the investment back office of a mutual fund. Its responsibilities include receipt and delivery of securities, collection of income, distribution of dividends, and segregation of assets between schemes. The sponsor of a mutual fund cannot act as a custodian to the fund. For example, Deutsche Bank is a custodian, but it cannot service Deutsche Mutual Fund, its mutual fund arm. Depository Indian capital markets are moving away from having physical certificates for securities, to ownership of these securities in dematerialized form with a Depository. MUTUAL FUND OPERATION (Mutual Fund Operation Flow Chart) TYPES OF MUTUAL FUND A Mutual Fund may float several schemes, which may be classified on the basis of its structure, its investment objectives and other objectives. Open Ended Schemes As the name implies the size of the scheme (fund) is open i.e. not specified or pre-determined. Entry to the fund is always open, the investor who can subscribe at anytime. Such fund stands ready to buy or sell its securities at anytime. The key feature of Open-ended schemes is Liquidity. It implies that the capitalization of the fund is constantly changing as investors sell or buy their shares. Further, the shares or units are normally not traded on the stock exchange but are repurchased by the funds at announced rates. Open-ended schemes have comparatively better liquidity despite the fact that these are not listed. The reason is that investors can any time approach mutual fund for sale of such units. No intermediaries are required. Moreover, the realizable amount is certain since repurchase is at a price based on declared net asset value (NAV). The portfolio mix of such schemes has to be investments, which are actively traded in the market. Otherwise it will not be possible to ca lculate NAV. This is the reason that generally open-ended schemes are equity based. In Open-ended schemes, the option of dividend reinvestment is available. Close-Ended Schemes A Close ended schemes have a definite period after which their shares/units are redeemed. The scheme is open for subscription only during a specified period at the time of launch of a scheme. Investors can invest in the scheme at the time of the initial public issue and thereafter they can buy or sell the units of the scheme on the stock exchanges where the units are listed. In order to provide an exit route to the investors, some close-ended funds give an option of selling back the units to the mutual fund through periodic repurchase at NAV related prices. In these types of schemes, the size of the fund kept to be constant. SEBI regulations stipulate that at least one of the two exit routes is provided to the investor i.e. either repurchase facility or through listing on stock exchanges. These mutual funds schemes disclose NAV generally on weekly basis. Interval schemes Interval Schemes combine the features of both open-ended and close-ended schemes. They are open for sale or redemption during pre-determined intervals at NAV based prices. Mutual Fund schemes by Investment Objectives: EQUITY FUNDS These funds invest a major part of their corpus in equities. The composition of the fund may vary from scheme to scheme and the fund managers outlook on various scrips. The Equity Funds are sub-classified depending upon their investment objective, as follows: 1.Growth Fund: Aim to provide capital appreciations over the medium to long term. These schemes normally invest a majority of their funds in equities and are willing to bear short term decline in value for possible future appreciation. These schemes are not for investors seeking regular income or needing their money back in the short-term. 2. Diversified Equity Fund: Diversified equity funds are the most popular among investors. They invest in many stocks across many sectors, and because they have the freedom to chop and churn their portfolios as they like, diversified equity funds are a good proxy to the stock market. If a general exposure to equities is what you want, they are a good option. They can invest in all listed stocks, and even in unlisted stocks. They can invest in which ever sector they like, in what ever ratio they like. 1.Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS): Equity linked savings schemes (ELSS) are diversified equity funds that additionally offer income tax benefits to individuals. ELSS is one of the many section 80c instruments, along with the more popular debt options like the PPF, NSC and infrastructure bonds. In this Section 80c grouping. ELSS is unique. Being the only instrument to offer a total equity exposure. 1. 1.Index Fund: An index fund is a diversified equity fund; with a difference- a fund manager has absolutely no say in stock selection. At all times, the portfolio of an index fund mirrors an index, both in its choice of stocks and their percentage holding. So, an index fund that mirrors the Sensex will invest only in the 30 Sensex stocks, which too in the same proportion as their weight age in the index. 2.Sector Fund: Sector funds invest in stocks from only one sector, or a handful of sectors. The objective is to capitalize on the story in the sectors, and offer investors a window to profit from such opportunities. Its a very narrow focus, because of which sector funds are considered the riskiest among all equity funds. 2. Mid Cap Fund: These are diversified funds that target companies on the fast growth trajectory. In the long run, share prices are driven by growth in a companys turnover and profits. Market players refer to them as mid-sized companies and mid-cap stocks with size in this context being benchmarked to a companys market value. So, while a typical large cap stock would have a market capitalization of over Rs 1,000 crores, a mid-cap stock would have a market value of Rs 250-2,000 crores. DEBT FUNDS These Funds invest a major portion of their corpus in debt papers. Government authorities, private companies, banks and financial institutions are some of the major issuers of debt papers. By investing in debt instruments, these funds ensure low risk and provide stable income to the investors. Debt funds are further classified as: 1.Gilt Funds: Invest their corpus in securities issued by Government, popularly known as GOI debt papers. These Funds carry zero Default risk but are associated with Interest Rate risk. These schemes are safer as they invest in papers backed by Government. 2.Income Funds: Income funds aim to maximize debt returns for the medium to longer term. Invest a major portion into various debt instruments such as bonds, corporate debentures and Government securities. 2.MIPs: Invests around 80% of their total corpus in debt instruments while the rest of the portion is invested in equities. It gets benefit of both equity and debt market. These scheme ranks slightly high on the risk-return matrix when compared with other debt schemes. Short Term Plans (STPs): Meant for investors with an investment horizon of 3-6 months. These funds primarily invest in short term papers like Certificate of Deposits (CDs) and Commercial Papers (CPs). Some portion of the corpus is also invested in corporate debentures. Liquid Funds: Also known as Money Market Schemes, These funds are meant to provide easy liquidity and preservation of capital. These schemes invest in short-term instruments like Treasury Bills, inter-bank call money market etc. These funds are meant for short-term cash management of corporate houses and are meant for an investment horizon of 1day to 3 months. These schemes rank low on risk-return matrix and are considered to be the safest amongst all categories of mutual funds. Floating Rate Funds: These income funds are more insulated from interest rate than their conventional peers. In other words, interest rate changes, which cause the NAV of a conventional debt fund to go up or down, have little, or no, impact on NAVs of floating rate funds. BALANCED FUNDS These funds, as the name suggests, are a mix of both equity and debt funds. They invest in both equities and fixed income securities, which are in line with pre-defined investment objective of the scheme. These schemes aim to provide investors with the best of both the worlds. Equity part provides growth and the debt part provides stability in returns. Each category of fund is backed by an investment philosophy, which is predefined in the in the objective of the fund. The investor can align his own investment need with the fund objectives and invest accordingly. HYBRID FUNDS:- Growth and Income Fund: Strike a balance capital appreciation and income for the investors. In these funds portfolio is a mix between companies with good dividend paying record and those with potential capital appreciation. These funds are less risky than growth funds bit more than income funds. Asset Allocation Fund: These funds follow variable asset allocation policy. These move in an out of an asset class (equity, debt, money market or even non-financial assets). Asset allocation funds are those, which follow more stable allocation policies like balanced funds. Those, which flexible allocation policies, are like aggressive speculative funds. ADVANTAGES OF MUTUAL FUND Mutual Funds offer several benefits to an investor that are unmatched by the other investment options. Last six years have been the most turbulent as well as exiting ones for the industry. New players have come in, while others have decided to close shop by either selling off or merging with others. Product innovation is now pass with the game shifting to performance delivery in fund management as well as service. Those directly associated with the fund management industry like distributors, registrars and transfer agents, and even the regulators have become more mature and responsible. Affordability : Small investors with low investment fund are unable to invest in high-grade or blue chip stocks. An investor through Mutual Funds can be benefited from a portfolio including of high priced stock. Diversification : Investors investment is spread across different securities (stocks, bonds, money market, real estate, fixed deposits etc.) and different sectors (auto, textile, IT etc.). This kind of a diversification add to the stability of returns, reduces the risk for example during one period of time equities might under perform but bonds and money market instruments might do well do well and may protect principal investment as well as help to meet return objectives. Variety : Mutual funds offer a tremendous variety of schemes. This variety is beneficial in two ways: first, it offers different types of schemes to investors Professional Management: Mutual Funds employ the services of experienced and skilled professionals and dedicated investment research team. The whole team analyses the performance and balance sheet of companies and selects them to achieve the objectives of the scheme. Tax Benefits: Depending on the scheme of mutual funds, tax shelter is also available. As per the Union Budget-99, income earned through dividends from mutual funds is 100% tax free. Under ELSS of open-ended equity-oriented funds an exemption is provided up to Rs. 100,000/- under section 80C. Regulation: All Mutual Funds are registered with SEBI and they function within the provisions of strict regulations designed to protect the interests of investors. The operations of Mutual Funds are regularly monitored by SEBI. DISADVANTAGES OF MUTUAL FUND: The following are the disadvantages of investing through mutual fund: No control over cost: Since investors do not directly monitor the funds operations, they cannot control the costs effectively. Regulators therefore usually limit the expenses of mutual funds. No tailor-made portfolio: Mutual fund portfolios are created and marketed by AMCs, into which investors invest. They cannot made tailor made portfolio. Managing a portfolio of funds: As the number of funds increase, in order to tailor a portfolio for himself, an investor may be holding portfolio funds, with the costs of monitoring them and using hem, being incurred by him. Delay in Redemption: The redemption of the funds though has liquidity in 24-hours to 3 days takes formal application as well as needs time for redemption. This becomes cumbersome for the investors. Non-availability of loans: Mutual funds are not accepted as security against loan. The investor cannot deposit the mutual funds against taking any kind of bank loans though they may be his assets. RISK INVOLVED IN MUTUAL FUND: THE RISK-RETURN TRADE-OFF The most important relationship to understand is the risk-return trade-off. Higher the risk greater the returns/loss and lower the risk lesser the returns/loss. Hence it is up to you, the investor to decide how much risk you are willing to take. In order to do this you must first be aware of the different types of risks involved with your investment decision. MARKET RISK: Sometimes prices and yields of all securities rise and fall. Broad outside influences affecting the market in general lead to this. This is true, may it be big corporations or smaller mid-sized companies. This is known as Market Risk. A Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) that works on the concept of Rupee Cost Averaging (RCA) might help mitigate this risk. CREDIT RISK: The debt servicing ability (may it be interest payments or repayment of principal) of a company through its cash flows determines the Credit Risk faced by you. This credit risk is measured by independent rating agencies like CRISIL who rate companies and their paper. An AAA rating is considered the safest whereas a D rating is considered poor credit quality. A well-diversified portfolio might help mitigate this risk. INFLATION RISK: Things you hear people talk about: Rs. 100 today is worth more than Rs. 100 tomorrow. Remember the time when a bus ride cost 50 paisa? Mehangai Ka Jamana Hai. The root cause, Inflation. Inflation is the loss of purchasing power over time. A lot of times people make conservative investment decisions to protect their capital but end up with a sum of money that can buy less than what the principal could at the time of the investment. This happens when inflation grows faster than the return on your investment. A well-diversified portfolio with some investment in equities might help mitigate this risk. INTEREST RATE RISK: In a free market economy interest rates are difficult if not impossible to predict. Changes in interest rates affect the prices of bonds as well as equities. If interest rates raise the prices of bonds fall and vice versa. Equity might be negatively affected as well in a rising interest rate environment. A well-diversified portfolio might help mitigate this risk. POLITICAL/GOVERNMENT POLICY RISK: Changes in government policy and political decision can change the investment environment. They can create a favorable environment for investment or vice versa. LIQUIDITY RISK: Liquidity risk arises when it becomes difficult to sell the securities that one has purchased. Liquidity Risk can be partly mitigated by diversification, staggering of maturities as well as internal risk controls that lean towards purchase of liquid securities. NET ASSET VALUE Net Asset Value (NAV) The net asset value of the fund is the cumulative market value of the assets fund net of its liabilities. In other words, if the fund is dissolved or liquidated, by selling off all the assets in the fund, this is the amount that the shareholders would collectively own. This gives rise to the concept of net asset value per unit, which is the value, represented by the ownership of one unit in the fund. It is calculated simply by dividing the net asset value of the fund by the number of units. However, most people refer loosely to the NAV per unit as NAV, ignoring the per unit. We also abide by the same convention. Definition of NAV Net Asset Value, or NAV, is the sum total of the market value of all the shares held in the portfolio including cash, less the liabilities, divided by the total number of units outstanding. Thus, NAV of a mutual fund unit is nothing but the book value. BASIC CONCEPTS OF LOADS : Entry Load: The load charged at the time of investment is known as entry load. Its meant to cover the cost that the AMC spends in the process of acquiring subscribers commission payable to brokers, advertisements, register expenses etc. The load is recovered by way of charging a sale price higher than the prevailing NAV. Exist Load: Some AMC do not charge an entry load but they charged an exist load i.e., they deduct a load before paying out the redemption proceeds. Psychologically, investors are much more willing to pay exist loads as compared to entry loads. Unit: Units mean the investment of the unit holders in a scheme. Each unit represents one undivided share in the assets of a scheme. The value of each unit changes, depending on the performance of the fund. Need for the Study Indian Mutual fund market is growing with a good growth rate. This instrument of investment has turned lucrative from the perceived risky image. It was decided to do a research to reveal factors in the mutual funds market Data Analysis 1.Other than mutual funds I have invested in following instruments. This was a multiple choice question. This was asked to know the preferred Investment instruments by the investors. Graph1 Interpretation and analysis This question was asked to know the pattern of investments by investors. As can be seen in above graph 100% investors have their surplus invested their savings account, followed by gold and silver with 91%. This shows that investors prefer to invest in safer instruments. Even though the investment needed for the instruments like the Real estate requires high amount to be invested, people still prefer to invest in them. This can be because they give higher returns compared to the other instruments. This instruments are also most preferred since they are safer. 2.As an investor I want higher returns This question was asked to know the know the expectation from the investors from the mutual funds Graph2 Interpretation and analysis As shown in the above graph 116 investors expect their investment to give higher returns. Further 31 investors agreed to the statement that they want higher returns while the rest three respondents had neutral stand on this point. I can be concluded that from the mutual funds investors want higher returns from the mutual funds. 3.As an investor in mutual funds I am more of a Risk taker conservative This question was asked to know the aggressiveness and risk taking attitude of the investors. Graph3 Interpretation and analysis As can be seen above the majority of the investors that 101 investors are risktakers. wereas the rest 49 respondents said that they invest conservatively. I have invested in mutual funds for This question talks about the Fianacial objective of the investors for which they have planed. This was a multiple option question Graph4 Interpretation and analysis As can be seen above the majority of the investors have invested in the mutual funds for their long term objective that is the retirement. 68 respondents have invested for investing the same in future. 54 respondents have goal of buying a car. 41 have invested for childrens marriage and 24 have invested for childrens education. Rest 13 respondents have a short term goal that is their own marriage. We can conclude that the investors invest in mutual fund for short term as well as long term goals. How did you come to know about Mutual fund investment scheme This question was about the source from were the investors first came to know about the mutual fund plan/scheme. Graph 5 33 respondents said that the came to know about the mutual fund sceme from News paper.30 respondents said they came to know about mutual fund from Magazine. 24 respondents came to know from financial consultant. The agents in the mutual fund had reach over 19 respondents. Only 17 respondents came to know about mutual fund from the Television. The data reveals that the major source of knowledge for investors about mutual fund is the News paper, magazine and the financial consultants. The explanation from Agent/distributor/salesperson was enough to convince me to invest in mutual funds. This question was aimed towards the ability of the sales team to convince the customers. Graph6 Interpretation and analysis 34 respondents strongly agreed to the point that they were convinced with the sales persons explanation. While 45 respondents agreed to this. 14 had neutral stand. 33 respondents disagreed to this point and the rest 24 strongly disagreed with this. I was convinced/attracted with the scheme of mutual fund. This question was asked to know the reaction of the investors when they first came to know about the Mutual fund. Graph 7 Interpretation and analysis Majority of the respondents that is 89 respondents strongly agreed that they were attracted with the mutual fund plan. 50 respondents agreed to this point. 9 respondents had neutral stand on this. Rest two disagreed to the statement that they were attracted with the mutual fund. I was attracted with the proposed earning of the mutual fund. This question was further specific question to the previous question. This question was based on the main attraction of a mutual fund that is the earning on the fund. Graph 8 Interpretation and analysis 94 respondents strongly agreed that they were attracted with proposed earnings. Further 49 respondents agreed to this point. 7 respondents had neutral stand on this point. We can say that the main component of attraction of the mutual fund is the proposed earning. 9.1) Importance of Financial Advisors reference This question was cross tabulated with response from the 10th question which was about the type of mutual fund in which they have currently invested. Graph9 Interpretation and analysis When asked about the referring to a financial Advisor before investing in mutual fund 71 respondents from Equity fund, 5 from debt and 7 from balanced mutual fund responded that its extremely important. Whereas most of the rest responded that the reference is very important. From the above data its clear that while investing in Equity mutual fund and Balanced mutual fund its important to refer to a financial advisor. In the Dept fund the response was some what neutral. 9.2 Importance of Brokers reference This question was asked to find importance of reference before investing Graph10 Interpretation and analysis As in the above graph investors in the equity and balanced responded either its extremely important or very important to refer a broker before investing in them. Whereas the investors in the dept funds responded as its some what less important to refer to a broker. 9.3Importance of Relatives Friends reference Graph 11 Interpretation and analysis As in the above diagram majority of respondents from all types of schemes responded that it is extremely important or very important to refer a friend before investing. In case of the balanced fund some respondent even responded that it is unimportant to refer a friend. 9.4 importances of Newspapers Magazines Many news papers and magazines have reviews on the mutual fund. This question was asked to know how important it is to refer while investing. Graph12 Interpretation and analysis As can be seen in above 76 investors in equity funds feel that it is extremely or very important to refer a news paper or a magazine. Whereas 30 respondents feel that it is unimportant or not important to refer to a news paper. In the debt funds 11 respondents have an opinion that it is extremely important or very important to refer a news paper. Whereas 7 respondents had negative opinion towards the statement. 14 respondents have positive opinion towards taking reference of news paper. Whereas 8 respondents had a negative stand on the statement. 9.5 IMPORTANCE OF COMPANYS WEBSITE Graph13 Interpretation and analysis As can be seen in above graph majority of the investors in the equity segment responded that it is unimportant to refer to companies website. Also in the debt funds majority of the respondents feel that it is unimportant to refer companys website. In the balance funds majority felt that it is important to refer the companys website. 9.6 importance of AMFI Website Graph 15 Interpretation and analysis As seen in the above diagram majority of the investors in the equity fund feel that it is unimportant to refer AMFIs website. In the bebt funds majority feels that it is important to refer AMFIs website. Whereas in the balanced funs majority said that it is unimportant to refer to AMFIs site. 10 Currently invested in types of funds Graph 16 Interpretation and analysis 101 respondents have invested in Equity funds. 19 respondents have invested in dept fund, and the rest 23 respondents have invested in balanced funds. 11 Importance of the qualities of the mutual fund Factors in these questions were the main factors which are considered while making a decision to invest. A. Funds reputation or brand Graph 17 Interpretation and analysis As in the above graph majority of the risk takers feel that reputation of fund is unimportant quality which should be considered while making investing decision. While majority of the conservative investors feel that the funds reputation is important. B Fund performance record This question was asked to reveal the importance of funds performance in the making investment decision. Graph 18 As can be seen in the above graph both risktaker as well as conservatives feels that it is important to consider the funds reputation while investing in it. C Importance of Brokers advice Graph 19 Interpretation and analysis as can be seen above both risk takers and conservatives feel that brokers advice is important while making decision of investment. While there are few respondents who feel that brokers advice is umimportant. D. Importance of Schemes expense ratio This question is to know how important is the expenses in the mutual fund are while making the investment decision. Graph 20 As can be seen in the above graphs both risk takefeels rs as well as the conservatives feels that the expense ratios are unimportant while making investment decision. 11 E Schemes theme of investment Since many mutual funds have different themes of investments, this themes can affect the investment decision. This themes also match the investors financial goals like, children education etc. Graph 21 Interpretation and analysis As can be seen above both risk takers and conservatives feel that the investment theme plays a important role in investing decisions. These can be because theme attracts the investors and help them to meet their financial goals. F Minimum initial investment Sometimes minimum investment acts as a barrier since the minimum amount is high. Graph 22 Interpretation and analysis As said earlier minimum investment plays a very important role in the investment decision. This can be seen in the above statistics. The majority of both risk takers as well as the conservatives feels that the Minimum Initial Investment is a important quality of the mutual fund. G Tax benefits When an investor invests in some mutual funds he gets some income tax benefit as per the income tax ACT Graph 23 Interpretation and analysis As per the graph, Risk takers as well conservatives feel that the tax benefit is important. Majority of the respondents from both type of the respondents feel that tax benefit is important. H Portfolio of the Fund Portfolio means the allocation of the resources across sectors or the shares of the companies. Graph 24 Interpretation and analysis As seen in the above graph majority of both that is risktakers and conservative investors deel that the allocation of the fund is important. I Visibility of the Fund Graph 25 Interpretation and analysis Majority of the respondents from both risk takers and the conservatives feel that the Visibility of the fund is important while taking a decision to invest. 11J Credit Rating by Agencies Credit rating agencies rate a mutual fund depending upon the interest paying ability of the Fund house. Graph 26 Interpretation and analysis As can be seen in above graph majority of the respondents from both feel that credit rating by agencies is an important quality in selecting a mutual fund. K Lock in period Graph 27 Interpretation and analysis Lock in period is the time for which your money remains locked. Towards this factor both type of investors feel that lock in period is important in choosing a fund. Wereas some respondents feel that it is unimportant. L Prompt Redemptions Redemption is when the investor wants his money back and he withdraws from the fund. Graph 28 Interpretation and analysis Since customer gets his money whenever he wants he will go for it. The majority of the respondents responded that the prompt redemption is a important factor while choosing a mutual fund. M After Sales Support Graph 29 Interpretation and analysis As can be seen above majority of both types of investors feel that the after sales service is important while choosing the mutual fund. I monitor performance of the mutual fund. This question was asked to bring out how often a investors keep a watch on the investment Interpretation and analysis 66 respondents check the growth weekly, 81 respondents monitor the growth monthly. This shows that the investors are interested in monitoring the performance. 13. Performance of the mutual fund is as promised by fund house. This question was asked to reveal the performance to the promised performance. I am satisfied with the performance of the mutual fund My queries were attended timely. How you react to the fall in share market. Finding Most of the people invest on advice of the financial adviser. Financial adviser monitors the performance of mutual fund for their clients. Only few investors decide to invest on their own. Conclusion and learnings The investors investing in the mutual funds are attracted more by the earnings. The young investors who are educated tend to analyze the performance and monitor the performance of the mutual fund. Annexure QUESTIONNAIRE Other than mutual funds I have invested in following instruments. Saving account e) Shares Debentures i) PF Real Estate f) Fixed Deposits PPF g) Gold/Silver Post Office NSC etc h) Other_________ As an investor I want higher returns Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree As an investor in mutual funds I am more of a ________ Risk taker Conservative I have invested in mutual funds for ________ Marriage d) Buying a car Childrens education e) Further investment Childrens marriage f) Retirement corpus How did you come to know about Mutual fund investment scheme? 1. Newspapers 2.Magazines 3.Internet 4.Television 5. Agents 6.Friends or relatives 7.Consultant 8. Other___________ The explanation from Agent/distributor/salesperson was enough to convince me to invest in mutual funds. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree I was convinced/attracted with the scheme of mutual fund. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree I was attracted with the proposed earning of the mutual fund. Strongly agree Agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree State the importance of following reference while investing in mutual fund schemes? Extremely important Very Important Somewhat Important Somewhat Unimportant Not Important At All 1. Financial Advisor 2.Broker 3.RelativesFriends 4.Newspapers Magazines 5.Companys Website 6.AMFI Website In which type of funds you have invested? 1. Equity Funds 2.Debt Funds 3. Balance Funds There are many qualities that could affect your selection of Mutual funds and Specific Schemes. Please indicate importance of the following in your decision. Sr.no. Extremely important Very Important Somewhat Important Somewhat Unimportant Not Important At All A Funds reputation or brand 1 2 3 4 5 B Fund performance record 1 2 3 4 5 C Brokers advice 1 2 3 4 5 D Schemes expense ratio 1 2 3 4 5 E Schemes theme of investment 1 2 3 4 5 F Minimum initial investment 1 2 3 4 5 G Tax benefits 1 2 3 4 5 H Portfolio of the Fund 1 2 3 4 5 I Visibility of the Fund 1 2 3 4 5 J Credit Rating by Agencies 1 2 3 4 5 K Lock in period 1 2 3 4 5 L Prompt Redemptions 1 2 3 4 5 M After Sales Support 1 2 3 4 5 I monitor performance of the mutual fund. Weekly Monthly Quarterly Yearly never Performance of the mutual fund is as promised by fund house. Strongly agree agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree I am satisfied with the performance of the mutual fund Strongly agree agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree My queries were attended timely. Strongly agree agree Neutral disagree Strongly disagree How you react to the fall in share market. Sell units held Wait for market to rise Consult financial advisor. City: _________________________ Age: 20-40 years ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ 40-60 years ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ above 60 years ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ Sex: Male ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ Female ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ Marital Status: Married ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ Unmarried ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ Academic Qualifications: High School ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ Graduate ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ Post Graduate ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ Professional Degree ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ Occupation: Professional ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ Business ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ Salaried ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ Retired ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ Others ___________ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯ h

Up in Arms About Ap Language Essay Samples?

Up in Arms About Ap Language Essay Samples? Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. If you can't determine what the question is, return and reread the prompt. It is vital that you comprehend the concept supporting the AP essay question so that you may read it as many as you like unless you know what's being said. The response to the second question is a huge area of the response to the first. It should encompass your whole essay in only 1 sentence. Attempt to make symmetry between your essay topic and the person who you are quoting. It says you should not do an overview of the whole plot. In your final paragraph, you will want to supply an overview of your principal argument and your main supporting points. It is possible to seek the services of the Best Essay Writing Service and receive an original custom made essay written by a seasoned writer. This kind of essay requires a good framework and exceptional support. A synthesis essay prompt has to be negotiable. These seven sample essays respond to a wide variety of thought-provoking questions. When you're writing an English essay, you have zero opportunity to confirm your paper by another individual. Extra info or tangents will merely hinder your essay. The source material used have to be cited in the essay as a way to be considered legitimate. Utilize information from each of the sources to strengthen your essay. Even following some Spanish Twitter feeds or listening to Spanish music may be a good way to work just a little language practice in your day. While music may be a substantial asset for people, it may also be a distractor for the mind in some instances, negatively impacting one's academic and cognitive performance. Stimulative music turns out to be a substantial distraction because of the many acoustical variations present in the sound. With the nurturing of others, an individual can nurture themselves, and this may be the most paramount facet of education. To begin with, you should get started studying as early as possible. Even better, if there's an un met need locally, create the solution. The secret to all kinds of synthesis is precisely the same. AP instructors are given a score sheet showing the individual score for every one of their students, in addition to some score info and national averages. You should begin early before the exam to generate an excellent improvement. The exam is almost always a challenging situation to cope with. Your exam is broken up into portions. No really, it is an excellent idea. In contrast to the popular myth, money doesn't buy happiness or make a prosperous individual. Although in today's age getting an official education may signify heading to school, a genuine education may also be achieved outside school walls. It's never too early and it's never too late to begin contemplating college. The AP English argument FRQ is easily the most straightforward of the AP English FRQs since it is the most like essays you're already utilized to writing. Format is dependent on what format is cal led for by your teacher or professor. Doing this will enhance your AP writing. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. They then respond to the clip for about 20 seconds per question. They are given a 15-minute reading period to accommodate the additional reading required for the question. There's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. As stated, the exam asks you to explore different topics in Spanish, for times which range from a few seconds to some minutes. Though the disorder most frequently begins during adolescence, a growing number of children and older adults are likewise being diagnosed with anorexia, and a man or woman does not need to be emaciated or underweight to have anorexia. It's the details that actually make this little experience come alive. It is possible to also acquire different discounts on our site which will help y ou to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. It's very valuable to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. If you're writing a background synthesis, in some instances it might be appropriate that you provide an interpretation of the material or have a position (thesis). The organization is easily the most significant part a synthesis, so try out more than 1 format.

Balance Based Literacy Is it the Best Solution Free Essays

Literacy has become an important consideration in the field of education. To address literacy problems, educators (Strickland, n. d. We will write a custom essay sample on Balance Based Literacy: Is it the Best Solution? or any similar topic only for you Order Now ; Frey et al. , 2004) use the Balance Based Literacy Program, which specifically stresses the use of varied approaches to teaching literacy. According to California Department of Education (as cited in Frey et al. , 2004), the term balanced literacy originated in California in 1996. This was made into a curriculum in response to low reading scores of students on a national examination. It promotes the concept that reading and writing must go hand in hand to promote literacy. In contrast to using a specific approach to teaching literacy such as Phonics Approach or Whole Language Approach, Balance Based Literacy combines these approaches and more in order to ensure meeting the goal of literacy. Believing that every student has the capability to learn how to read and write, Balance Based Literacy allows students to achieve a certain literacy level through a combination of approaches relevant to their ability. The literacy model established with balance allows students to plan their own personal progress, and attempt new techniques in learning, with the support of teachers and resources. Based on Frey et al. (2004), many authors believe that combining a balance of teacher-directed instruction and student-centered activities is the most effective way of teaching literacy. In addition, Asselin, and Pearson (as cited in Frey) believe that Balance Based Literacy must include elements of community, authenticity, integration, optimism, modeling, and student control and connectedness. Activities incorporated in Balance Based Literacy include reading and writing aloud, shared reading and writing, guided reading and writing, and independent reading and writing. According to Mrs. Stewart’s Kindergarten Web site, one model of Balance Based Literacy being employed nowadays is the Literacy Collaborative Model. This comprehensive model is designed to provide a school-wide approach to improve reading and writing. This model includes a wide range of individual, small-group, and large-group reading and writing activities (Literacy Collaborative Web site). One component of Balance Based Literacy is Reading and Writing Aloud. In Reading Aloud, students learn the language through acquisition. It supports the idea that language is acquired, thus students are asked to read aloud a text to other students. By doing such, the read language registers in the mind of the students, making them learn the language. However, beyond the purpose of learning, the goals of Reading Aloud are to promote enjoyment and emphasize the uses of print (Mrs. Stewart’s Web site). It exposes the students to the uses of printed materials, and develops discussion skills by motivating them to ask questions during the activity. During Reading aloud, students do not need to view the read text. The focus is not on the content of the text, but what the student reads or explains about the text. The selection for such activities may be fiction or nonfiction, or it can be a narrative, or a picture book Another component of Balance Based Literacy is Shared Reading. During Shared Reading, students reformulate ideas from the context. Either the teacher or a proficient student reader reads to the class, while the rest of the students are invited to join in the reading. One important component of shared reading is an enlarged text which is readable by all children. The text used may contain songs, poems, charts, or lists created by the teacher or developed with the class during shared writing activities. During the reading, the teacher or student reader points to or glides a locator on the reading material to guide the students in reading. This is to draw students’ attention to the print in order to promote familiarity with words in the text. Shared reading activities involve multiple readings of books over several days. During the initial reading, the teacher emphasizes reading for enjoyment while subsequent readings are done to increase participation, and teach vocabulary, ideas, author’s style, and intonation patterns. Through repeated readings of a particular text, children become familiar with word forms and build up recognition of words and phrases used in the text (Bridge, Winograd, Haley; Pikulski Kellner, as cited in Frey et al. , 2004). The third reading component of Balance Based Literacy is Guided Reading. In this kind of activity, students are given more chances to express their ideas and feelings through inquiry. As such, it requires more student participation. In most cases, students are grouped together according to their level, and asked to read a text appropriate to their reading ability. In this case, the teacher needs to carefully identify each student’s level to ensure proper assessment. The fourth reading component is Independent Reading. This activity allows the student to choose from a wide variety of texts. It aims to make students become confident, motivated and enthusiastic about their ability to read. Considered as an advanced approach to reading, this activity makes use of skills learned during the Reading Aloud, Shared Reading, and Guided Reading activities. The writing components of Balance Based Literacy also ensure variety in the application of approaches and resources. One component is the Shared Writing activity. In this activity, the teacher and the students together decide to write a text in which the teacher acts as the scribe. The activity requires discussion of what they are writing about, and modeling of the teacher on the board how the text should be written. The students are asked to verbally interact with the teacher before, during, and after the activity to help make connections. The second writing component is the Interactive Writing activity. In this activity, either the teacher and the class, or students in groups collaborate to write a material. The students articulate the words or sounds that they are about to write, and discuss with the teacher or group mates what they are writing about. The third component is the Guided Writing or Writing Workshop. This intends to allow students to spend time daily to write about things that interest them. Students are guided to experiment with a variety of genres. The ultimate goal is for students to develop a style of their own, and apply previous learning. In addition to the writing activity itself, the teacher offers a whole class session, small group lesson, or a conference where students can learn and share their written output. The fourth component is the Independent Writing. This activity allows students to write independently by choosing their own topic and genre. By letting them write freely, students develop the natural habit of writing, thereby making them improve along the process. In this kind of activity, teacher evaluation is set aside in order to promote creativity. The components of Balance Based Literacy are directed toward a common goal: to ensure effective strategy in teaching literacy. They support basic literacy theories introduced in the past such as the constructivist, interactive, and experiential theories. Encompassing these theories, Balance Based Literacy may be viewed as a holistic approach to literacy instruction. Taking from the behaviorist theory of B. F. Skinner, the Constructivism theory believes that all knowledge is constructed through a process of reflective abstraction (Huitt, 2003). In the constructivist classroom, the learner is presented with opportunities to construct new knowledge in addition to prior knowledge and experience. In particular, Reading Aloud and Shared Writing support this theory. As students read and write aloud, they learn new sounds and vocabulary, and benefit from the sharing done by their classmates. Interactive Reading and Writing anchor on the Interactive theory. This theory believes that learning is best attained through interaction with others. As discussed above, during Interactive Reading and Writing, students are given the opportunity to listen to other’s ideas. All the components mentioned above support the experiential theory. This theory purports that learning will best occur through individual experience. By asking students to read and write aloud, express ideas in interactive activities, and read and write on their own, teachers promote experiential learning as the very basis of their instruction. Although many educators believe in the effectiveness of Balance Based Literacy Instruction, some authors see disadvantages in its application. For instance, Wren (n. d. ) suggests that the needs of the learners must be the first consideration when designing an appropriate program of instruction. He claims that instruction should be patterned to the needs of the learners and not specific of one approach or a balance of many approaches. Another issue regarding application of Balance Based Literacy is the specific focus it gives on reading and writing. This tends to neglect other skills such as speaking and listening, which are also important aspects of literacy. To mitigate problems arising from this neglect, the teacher should incorporate speaking and listening resources as tools for reading and writing instruction. For example, instead of focusing on printed materials, guided writing could use listening resources as motivation activities. Furthermore, technological resources should likewise be used to promote a holistic approach. Conclusion Balance Based Literacy has been considered by many as an ideal program to teach literacy. Given its whole rounded and comprehensive approach to reading and writing, it purports not just base learning but mastery of skills in the target areas. In addition, the activities it introduces provide a way to monitor the progress of students, and allow them to experience learning in various ways. Studies validating the effectiveness of Balance Based Literacy have found its applicability to young learners. However, not much has been said about its applicability to adult learners who are more in need of a balanced instruction. In this regard, it is highly recommended to conduct research on the applicability of the said program of instruction among adult learners. References Balance overview. (n. d. ) Retrieved March 19, 2008, from http://projectcentral. ucf. edu/Past%20Initiatives/BALANCE/index. html Dorothy S. Strickland (n. d. ) Balanced Literacy: Teaching the Skills and thrills of reading. http://teacher. scholastic. com/professional/teachstrat/balanced. htm Frey, Bruce B. , Steve W. Lee, Nona Tollefson Lisa Pass. (2004). Balanced literacy in an urban school district. Retrieved 17 March 2008, from http://people. ku. edu/~bfrey/balancedliteracy. pdf Kolb, David A. , Richard E. Boyatzis Charalampos Mainemelis. Experiential learning theory: Previous research and new directions. Retrieved March 20, 2008, from http://www. learningfromexperience. com/images/uploads/experiential-learning-theory. pdf Literacy collaborative: Our purpose. (n. d. ) Retrieved March 19, 2008, from http://www. literacycollaborative. org/about/characteristics/ Martha Manson French, M. (1999). Planning for literacy instruction: Guidelines for planning and instruction for literacy. Retrieved March 19, 2008, from http://clercdev. gallaudet. edu/cc/Products/Sharing-Ideas/planning/guidelines. html Root, Cathy (n. d. ) Balanced : Reading and writing in the first and second grade classroom an internet-based treasure hunt on balanced literacy. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http://www. swlauriersb. qc. ca/english/edservices/pedresources/balancedlit/balancedliteracy. htm Thelen, Jeff. (n. d. ). A balanced literacy program for the upper elementary grades. Retrieved March 19, 2008, from http://curriculum. edenpr. org/~jthelen/languagearts/a_balanced_literacy_program. htm Wren, Sebastian. (n. d. ) What does a balanced literacy approach mean? Retrieved from http://www. sedl. org/reading/topics/balanced. html How to cite Balance Based Literacy: Is it the Best Solution?, Papers

Light A Fundamental Force Essays - Elementary Particles

Light: A Fundamental Force Light: A Fundamental Force In Our World If asked what light is, one could say that it's one of the most basic elements of our world and our universe as we perceive it. It is through sight that we receive 90% of our information. It is through the use of telescopes aiding the naked eye that we are aware of the heavenly bodies around us. It is through light that the energy from the sun is transferred to us. The sun's energy supports the food chain; plants use it to turn water and CO2 into energy usable by other organisms. Solar energy was also used, indirectly, to produce all of the fossil fuels that we consume daily. Since light is such a basic part of our existence, we should have a basic understanding of what it is. What we call light, the intangible, powerful force that powers our world, is somewhat hard to define in real terms. It shares properties with both particles and waves. It follows the same rules as a wave does--it moves in a regular fashion, in a perfect sine wave at a cer tain frequency. It travels in a straight line, and is subject to refraction. All of these characteristics are found in waves of any type, from radio frequency waves, up to Gamma and X- rays. Light, however, also exhibits qualities characteristic of particles such as neutrons and protons. A photon, or quanta, is the packet of energy that is sent in a light wave. Like a particle, the photon is believed to have a finite mass, and has the ability to affect other matter. As light strikes a photovoltaic solar cell, it knocks electrons in the silicon atoms on the surface into a higher state of energy. When these return to their normal, or ground state, energy is produced in the form of electricity. Thus, light is termed a wave- particle, and this property is called the wave-particle duality of nature. Many questions concerning what makes up light still lie unanswered, but this much is thought to be true. Light can be produced in a variety of ways. Our sun, like other stars, uses nuclear fu sion to produce energy in the form of light and radiation. We can produce light artificially using several methods. If one starts a fire, it produces light and heat. (Heat, which is infrared radiation, is another type of light energy.) The light and heat are a result of a chemical reaction, the combining of oxygen with the carbon in the wood. This reaction leaves behind products which have less potential energy than they started with. The energy, which left as light and heat, was produced when electrons dropped in energy levels during the reaction. The excess energy from one atom was given off as a photon, producing light. If one examines a fluorescent or incandescent light bulb, one can see that all it is doing is having electricity stimulate a metallic or gaseous substrate, causing it to give off photons. The principle is the same as it was with the fire, only it is more controlled. Still more controlled is the laser, which puts out its photons in a single frequency. This is achie ved through a carefully designed apparatus which stimulates materials in a way that allows them to only put out light at a certain wavelength. Laser light is, therefore, of all one color. White light, or sunlight, is a broad mixture of wavelengths. All methods of producing light, natural and artificial, share one common feature: they rely on electrons changing energy levels to produce the photons. As there are a variety of methods of producing light, so are there a multitude of ways it can be applied. The most obvious use of light is in supporting our food chain. Without light energy, nothing could live on our planet. The plants, which are at the bottom of the food chain, supply energy to all other organisms. We as humans are adapted to having sunlight around us, and taking in information with our eyes. Aside from keeping us alive, light is also employed in highly specialized applications. Laser light is being used in surgery. The highly concentrated beam